Lexicon

The Pearl mutation lightens the coat, mane and tail colour of the horse. It is visually very similar to champagne dilution and is located on the same gene as the cream dilution factor. The Pearl mutation is mainly found in Quarter Horses, Paints and related breeds.

Height in animals depends on various factors (e.g. genes, environment and their combination). A genetic variation has been discovered for the height of ponies. A base pair change in the HMGA2 gene can influence/reduce height. This is especially influential in Shetland ponies and related breeds.

In Shetland ponies, this test allows breeders to estimate the height of offspring. Here, the ponies are assigned to three height groups: A/A (Small: ~ 84 cm), A/G (Medium Small: ~ 98 cm) and G/G (Normal: ~ 104 cm). 

The test is also appropriate for other pony and miniature horse breeds.

Height in animals depends on various factors (e.g. genes, environment and their combination). Genetic variation has been discovered for the Height of warmblood horses. A base pair in the LCORL regulatory unit (on the third chromosome) determines to a large extent what height the horse will become.

This test allows breeders to estimate the height of the offspring with an accuracy of 70% (+/- 5 cm). Here, the horses are assigned to three height groups: T/T (Normal height: ~ 159 cm), C/T (Medium height: ~ 164 cm) and C/C (Tall height: ~ 169 cm).

This genetic variation has a less predictable effect on height in non-warmblood horses.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Progressive retinal atrophy type I (GR-PRA 1) is caused by degeneration of the retinal photoreceptor cells and, in the course of the disease, the entire retina is destroyed. Affected animals go blind.

The hereditary disease is one of the three forms of PRA in the Golden Retriever. The inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Also in the Golden Retriever B package

Progressive retinal atrophy type II (GR-PRA 2) is caused by degeneration of the retinal photoreceptor cells and, in the course of the disease, the entire retina is destroyed. Affected animals go blind.

The hereditary disease is one of the three forms of PRA in the Golden Retriever. The inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Also in the Golden Retriever B package (DRC P4)

Progressive rod-cone degeneration (prcd-PRA) is caused by degeneration of the retinal photoreceptor cells and, in the course of the disease, the entire retina is destroyed. Affected animals go blind.

The hereditary disease is one of the three forms of PRA in the Golden Retriever, but also occurs in many other breeds. The inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Also in the Labrador Retriever A Paket (DRC P1)

Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1) is a degenerative muscle disease caused by a disorder of sugar metabolism. Affected horses show symptoms such as reluctance to move, muscle tremors and tension.

The disease occurs in many breeds. The inheritance is incomplete autosomal dominant.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Muscle Integrity Myopathy (PSSM2) is form of Exertional Myopathy (link in those words), in which the structure and/or function of the muscle is disrupted.  It is caused by hereditary predisposition and various environmental factors (age, feeding, husbandry). Typical symptoms can include unexplained lameness, muscle stiffness, difficulties with gait changes/coordination, reluctance to move, muscle atrophy and/or difficulty building muscle. Almost any breed of horse can be affected.
Six genetic variants that can disrupt muscle structure and/or function have been identified in horses. These predispose a horse to developing symptoms of exertional myopathy.

Muscle Integrity Myopathy (PSSM2) Test: available in Shop

The dog is black all over the body, the hairs are not bicoloured (brown/black) as in the other agouti genes. This colouration is caused by the recessive a allele of the Agouti locus.

See: Agouti (Coat colour A-Locus Dog)

Horses with the Sabino-1 pattern often have white patches of different sizes with 'indistinct/fringed' borders especially on the head, belly and legs. Many horses have often white ticked hair on the rest of the body (animals with one copy of the gene: Sb1/n). Horses with two copies of the mutation (homozygous) are usually completely white.

Sabino-1 is a special form of White Spotting/Dominant White and is the most common, but not the only mutation causing this spotting pattern. Should a horse show a Sabino-like pattern but does not have an Sb1 mutation, other mutations in the KIT gene, the so-called W-variants, could be responsible.