Lexicon

The genomic inbreeding coefficient (GIC) which is also called genomic coefficient of inbreeding (g-COI) quantifies the extent of inbreeding within an individual by directly evaluating the genome of the animal being analysed. In general, the ‘inbred proportion of the genome’ is the proportion that is homozygous as a result of descent from common ancestors. Direct insight into the genome using SNP arrays or whole genome sequencing (WGS) reveals the affected areas independently of pedigree data, which only cover a limited number of generations and are based on unverified ancestry data.

Alongside heterozygosity values and ROH profiles, the GIC is one of the building blocks of genome-based assessment for inbreeding & fitness.

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (Equine coagulopathy - GT) is a blood clotting disorder in horses and causes recurrent nosebleeds and frequent other bleeding. This is caused by a dysfunction of the blood platelets (thrombocytes).

Glycogen Storage Disease IV (GSD IV) causes energy deficiency in muscles and organs due to a disorder in glycogen metabolism. The disease occurs in the Quarter Horse and related breeds.

Synonym: Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED)

Glycogen storage disease IIIa (GSD 3a) is a metabolic disease. In type 3a, glycogen cannot be metabolised due to an enzyme defect. This leads to glycogen accumulation in the liver and muscles, which are impaired in their function. The symptoms of lethargy, exercise intolerance and collapse occur at the age of 14 months.

The disease occurs in the Curly Coated Retriever. The inheritance is autosomal recessive.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Golden Retriever Muscle Dystrophy (GRMD) is a degenerative muscle disease in which muscle fibre degeneration and necrosis occur due to a malformation of the dystrophin protein. Affected dogs suffer from muscle wasting, weakness and feeding difficulties. The poor quality of life often leads to euthanasia.

The disease occurs in Golden Retrievers and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.

Synonym: X-linked muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Also in the Golden Retriever B package (DRC P4)

Due to the Grey mutation, normally coloured foals first turn grey and later white. They slowly "lose" their colour, as pigment-producing cells gradually stop to produce pigment and the hairs that grow back have less and less colour pigments and eventually none at all. Transitions patterns such as "dapple grey" and "flea-bitten" etc. develop.

The responsible gene (STX17) is involved in cancer pathways. The duplication that causes the grey colour also predisposes grey horses to developing melanoma.

The dog has a light face mask with so-called "widow's peak". This colour pattern is caused by the Eg allele of the extension locus.

See: Extension (Coat colour E-Locus Dog)

The Haflinger is one of the best-known small horse breeds in the world and originally comes from the Alpine regions of South Tyrol and Austria. It combines robustness, versatility and a friendly nature - characteristics that make it very popular with leisure riders as well as in sport and therapy.

Hair length is a trait in many dog breeds, which is important in the selection of intended matings. There is usually a short coat type and a long coat type.

Which genetic type the dog has, i.e. which coat length it develops, can be determined by a genetic test (FGF5 gene).

This coat structure occurs in many different breeds.

Genetic Test: available in Shop

Hairlessness (ectodermal dysplasia) results in bald (hairless) patches all over the body. The trait occurs in a few breeds, e.g. Chinese Crested Dog and Mexican Naked Dog. It is homozygous lethal. Dogs with two copies of the mutated gene die before birth.