Lexicon
Gait-Test Horse (SynchroGait®)
The SynchroGait®-Test is able to identify the genetic key factor responsible for the leg coordination. With this information we can predict a horse’s performance in two different categories:
- Flying pace for breeds participating in harness-races
- Natural capacity for alternative gaits in certain breeds ("gaited" horses)
Gene defect - Mutation
A gene defect is the deviation of a certain genetic information that leads to a defective gene product.
The defective gene product subsequently leads to symptoms of malfunction, which can vary in severity depending on the type of defect and the importance of the affected gene.
Genomic Heterozygosity
Genomic heterozygosity, as determined by SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) arrays or whole genome sequencing, provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity and health of an individual or population. The value is given as a percentage and indicates the proportion of the analysed markers that are heterozygous. The HE value is regarded as a decisive indicator of the genetic health, adaptability and fitness of individuals and populations.
Genomic Inbreeding Coefficient (GIC)
The genomic inbreeding coefficient (GIC) quantifies the extent of inbreeding within an individual by directly evaluating the genome of the animal being analysed. In general, the ‘inbred proportion of the genome’ is the proportion that is homozygous as a result of descent from common ancestors. Direct insight into the genome using SNP arrays or whole genome sequencing (WGS) reveals the affected areas independently of pedigree data, which only cover a limited number of generations and are based on unverified ancestry data.
Alongside heterozygosity values and ROH profiles, the GIC is one of the building blocks of genome-based assessment for inbreeding & fitness.
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT Horse)
Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (Equine coagulopathy - GT) is a blood clotting disorder in horses and causes recurrent nosebleeds and frequent other bleeding. This is caused by a dysfunction of the blood platelets (thrombocytes).
Glycogen Storage Disease IV (GSD IV Horse)
Glycogen Storage Disease IV (GSD IV) causes energy deficiency in muscles and organs due to a disorder in glycogen metabolism. The disease occurs in the Quarter Horse and related breeds.
Synonym: Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED)
Glykogen Storage Disease IIIa (GSD 3a Dog)
Glycogen storage disease IIIa (GSD 3a) is a metabolic disease. In type 3a, glycogen cannot be metabolised due to an enzyme defect. This leads to glycogen accumulation in the liver and muscles, which are impaired in their function. The symptoms of lethargy, exercise intolerance and collapse occur at the age of 14 months.
The disease occurs in the Curly Coated Retriever. The inheritance is autosomal recessive.
Genetic Test: available in Shop
Golden Retriever Muscle Dystrophy (GRMD Dog)
Golden Retriever Muscle Dystrophy (GRMD) is a degenerative muscle disease in which muscle fibre degeneration and necrosis occur due to a malformation of the dystrophin protein. Affected dogs suffer from muscle wasting, weakness and feeding difficulties. The poor quality of life often leads to euthanasia.
The disease occurs in Golden Retrievers and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner.
Synonym: X-linked muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dystrophin-deficient muscular dystrophy
Genetic Test: available in Shop
Also in the Golden Retriever B package (DRC P4)
Grey (Progressive Whitening Horse)
Due to the Grey mutation, normally coloured foals first turn grey and later white. They slowly "lose" their colour, as pigment-producing cells gradually stop to produce pigment and the hairs that grow back have less and less colour pigments and eventually none at all. Transitions patterns such as "dapple grey" and "flea-bitten" etc. develop.
The responsible gene (STX17) is involved in cancer pathways. The duplication that causes the grey colour also predisposes grey horses to developing melanoma.
Grizzle | Domino (Coat colour E-Locus Dog)
The dog has a light face mask with so-called "widow's peak". This colour pattern is caused by the Eg allele of the extension locus.